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Title: Smoking

By smoking we usually mean smoking of tobacco. There are many people who are addicted to the smoking of opium and other intoxicating drugs, People use various kinds of apparatus for tobacco smoking such as hookah pipes, cigars, cigarettes and cheroots. Tobacco was first brought from America to Europe. Early one day in 1492, Columbus’s shipmates saw the people of an island (now known as Cuba) smoking bundles of rolled leaves. They copied this habit and became smokers. Later on. Sir Walter Raleigh introduced tobacco and smoking in Europe. Hookah smoking was known to the Eastern kings, the physicians used it as a cure for stomach-troubles. Now, smoking is one of the most popular habits. Even women caught up this habit. Today there are 40 million addicted smokers in the 12 million in great Britain and almost as many in France. Even in poor countries, people smoke away cigarettes of 1000 million rupees every year.

The habit of smoking prevails in every part of the world. Most eminent doctors of the world have expressed thcir opinions about its bad effects yet the fashion continues. Smoking undoubtedly invigorates one’s nervous system after physical and mental exhaustion. But its after effects are really alarming. The smoke contains very small particles of Nicotine which is a deadly poison. By breathing the poisonous smoke, we injure our health; the smoke affects theiwind pipe and the lungs. The throat and lung diseases are, therefore, caused. It is the basic cause of lung cancer. The smokers suffer from cold and cough. Smokers get bad and dirty teeth which cause other diseases. Tobacco causes bad. breath and stinks in the mouth. Eye-sight and digestion are damaged. There is loss of vitality. Endurance power is reduced; memory becomes dead Dead smokers get heart trouble. It is unquestionably a luxury; it is a waste of money. Tobacco is a killer which causes the loss of many lives as road accidents. Balzac, the famous French writer, has rightly said: “Tobacco destroys the body, attacks the intelligence and ridicules nations”.

Smoking is a pernicious habit.Once this habit is formed, it is very difficult to get rid of this enjoyable poison. However, there are some principles and methods which can help a smoker stop smoking. The smoker should take advantage of any break such as illness, fasting in the normal way of life. He should take light meals and plenty of exercises and avoid all contacts with the groups of smokers. He should every often change the brand of his tobacco. This change will diminish this pleasure of smoking and he will smoke less. He should eat fruit because it has been proved that Apples, grapes, oranges and peas reduce the need to smoke. A mouth wash with silver nitrate lean destroy a lot of the pleasure of smoking. The first four or five days will prove to be very hard for the smoker but the difficulty will gradually diminish.

Title: The Dangers of Patriotism

Patriotism means love for one’s own country. It is a noble instinct it is born with our birth and grows with our growth. Love for ones country is a natural thing. We live in it; we breathe its air; we drink its water and eat its food and we enjoy its rights. Even beasts love their homes. Traitors like Mir Jafar and Mir Sadiq are always looked down upon by their country men. And those like Tipu Sultan, Sirajuddaula, Liaquat Ali, Major Aziz, Syed Ahmad and the Quaid-e-Azam who suffer or die in a patriotic cause are ever respected by their fellow-men. Patriotism makes a man brave. It enables him to face grave dangers. It makes a man sacrifice pleasure and hope of gain. Surely, patriotism is desirable and the absence of it deplorable.

But Patriotism has a dark side too. It has certain dangers. First, it often makes a man narrow-minded and unfair. A patriot finds no fault with his country. He cannot bear the criticism on his country. To a Pakistani, everything Pakistani is good. To the English everything faultless and admirable. This attitude helps us to develop contempt towards all the other countries. The German national song opens with this “Germany over all “what we call “Color-bar” is really a perverted form of patriotism. The Japanese place themselves at the top of the list of nations.

Secondly, Patriotism is there behind all wars of aggression and all forms of imperialist Imperialist Russia, Imperialist U.S.A., Imperialist Britain and Imperialist India are examples to point. Hitler exploited the patriotism of the German Youth and Mussolini of Italian Youth. The young soldier of Japan would be snot from a cannon for the sake of his empire. Patriotism thus leads to war. People cut each others throat without any remorse in the name of patriotism. Patriotism seems to be a justification of every kind of international crime; every kind of offense against humanity.

Thirdly, within the country itself’, patriotism has its dangers too. Dr. Johnson once defined patriotism as “The last refuge of a scoundrel”. Many wicked persons turn into patriots in order to escape the consequences of their evil deeds. The selfish and ambitious Join the patriotic parties for their own ends. They flourish on the sentiment of patriotism. Under the name of patriotism, they think that they are free to do whatever they like.

Lastly, too much of patriotic feeling is apt to make a man a dreamer or an idealist. He does not set a proper value on the practical aspect of politics but it carries off his feet by emotions. Such patriots often become a constant source of danger. They do not realize the importance of a compromise in the affairs of men. Brutus in Roman history is an example of this point.

In conclusion, we may say that patriotism is not enough in the 21st century. One may love one’s country but one should try to develop an international outlook. We can love the Americans or the Russians or the Chinese without ceasing to be patriotic, True patriotism should never go against internationalism. To save himself from these dangers, a man must always remember that he is first a human being and then a citizen of some country.

Allied Subjects given below:

* Patriotism.
* Nationalism and Internationalism.

Title : Pakistan Educational Problems

The present system of education is rotten to the core. It was designed to create clerks for the East India Company and later on to supply a number ofofficers to run the administration. Since the creation of Pakistan, there has been a cry from the people that the prevailing system of education should be over hauled. Today we face many educational problems.

First, our education is not based on Islamic principles. It is too materialistic in its outlook. The result is chaos in society. The students of today are disrespectful to their parents and elders. The present indiscipline in the schools and colleges can only be cured if he students are made familiar with the Quran. We should base our education on Islamic Ideology. We should pursue western science but we should not forget that we are Muslims. Now “Islamiat” as a subject has been made compulsory in schools and colleges.

Secondly, ours is a developing country. We need more and more skilled workers. We need doctors, engineers, agriculturists, technicians in all spheres of life. Our problem is to have more industrial and technical colleges. Education in humanities should remain but it should be restricted only to a few. This will solve the problem of unemployment to a great extent. Moreover, we will be able to get rid of the foreign experts.

Thirdly, the need for suitable books is being acutely felt in Pakistan. Most of the books are foreign published. Some are published in Pakistan but they are not upto the mark. The learned men and scholars in the country must devote themselves to the writing of new books according to our needs. History will have to be re-written with special reference to the achievements of our national heroes. Modern Urdu literature should be given place in the syllabi. Reading texts must have scientific knowledge in them. They should preach our national ideology.

Fourthly, the most baffling question is that of the national languages. There are many languages in our country, Urdu, English, Arabic and Punjabi. This language should be developed to high standards so that it may become suitable medium of expression. But a word of caution is necessary. We should not turn out English once. Sentiment is no substitute for fact.Lastly, our system of examination needs a drastic change. Our examinations are not a sure test of one’s ability. Good marks and divisions in the examinations depend in change and cramming. A good student may fall ill and secure a poor third division; a student may cram a few questions and get a high first class. Our education should discourage cram work. It should take all possible steps to engender originality of thought and an aptitude for research work.

Title: Our College Canteen

All the corridors of the college should lead to canteen but unfortunately. It is in one corner of the college. It has a small window through which the contractor supplies us everything. For the last some days, our principal has allowed a stall of Polka ice-cream. There are two other counters for books and stationery and beverages. It is only the parents who visit the stationery counter. The students go there only under  compulsion. Their most favourite haunt is the ice-cream vendor. The students flock round it and buy it in different colours and sizes. Their mouth waters and they want to break the queue to have it first. The second favourite counter is that of beverages. They wash down their lunch with some cola or a cup of  tea. They sip it slowly so that it Fist for the whole period. As the bottle starts showing its bottom, their speed also decreases. They suck the last drop with a heavy heart as if it is the end of their friendship with the bottle.

The third counter to attract a small crowd is the place where they get  snacks. Toffees and chocolates are in great demand. Some students, who miss their lunch box at home, take bread–pakoras or slices and cakes. Some teachers  also make a bee line for this counter. Every one is in a hurry. There is a rule of come first, get first but the students do not follow it. They always hand over money to the students who are just near the counter and ask them to purchase the snacks for them. As the recess period is over, they leave their disney-land with a heavy heart. The students go their way to the class-rooms. One can see gloom written large on their face. They get themselves ready to attend the last period willy-nilly.

Title: Our College

The name of our college is Post Graduate College. The building of our college is very grand. It is made of stone and brick. It has 35 rooms. The rooms are airy. Every room has Ventilators. Then there is a good library. The library has a good stock of books. Some of the books are very interesting. There are books which increase one’s wisdom, intelligence and commonsense. The college has a good laboratory. The college laboratory is equipped with the necessary apparatus and other scientific instruments.

The college has six classes. Every class is divided into four sections. There are 1000 boys studying in the college. It has a staff of 45 members. The staff is capable and efficient. The Principal of the college is reputed man. He is very popular among the staff and students. He keeps a strict eye upon the students. The college office is managed by one clerk and one cashier. All are hardworking.

The college have two play-grounds, one tennis court-yard, a swimming pool and a nice cafeteria. It has also a beautiful garden where students relax and pass their recess period.

Our college is progressing in all the fields. In students it has made a mark. Its students secure positions in the final examination. Even in games, sports and tournaments, it has made much progress. Our college has won many trophies, shields and other medals in such activities.

In debates also, the student of our college secure good positions. It is considered to be one of the best colleges in Lahore. Its reputation is very good. All of us are really proud of this good and great institution.

Title:The Duties of a Policeman

In every country laws are necessary. Laws help in the maintenance of peace. So, the laws are bound to be observed, by every citizen. But there are some elements in a society which do not pay any heed to the laws.

The policeman is entrusted with the task of oppressing such people who break laws. Re makes the people to obey these laws. One who does not obey, is punished by the police. It is because of a policeman that our life and property are safe. Hence, a policeman is an important person in the life of nation. He acts as a watch dog of the-society.

A policeman is usually a man of sound health and good appearance. He wears his uniforms and also carries a cane in his hand. He ties a belt round his waist and wears only shirt and pant. The policeman can be distinguished by his different symbols.

A policeman is assigned jobs at the police-stations or check-posts. Sometimes, he is posted at points of the town or city, when there is any fear of disturbances and other eruptions. During public demonstrations and strikes, he plays a decisive role. When the crowds become violent, he also uses his stick for controlling the mob. If the situation deteriorates, he can resort to firing but with the permission of the magistrate. A policeman work is really hard, because they have to be on duty round the clock though they come in shifts. He is considered to be the custodian of law and order. He maintains peace and order. He has no patience with those who violate discipline and bring disorder and confusion. He remains on duty during the wintry nights and chilly mornings. His duties are manifold. He also settles disputes and brings two warring parties to reconciliation. He patrols the parts of the city during day and night. He also protects the sanctity of religious processions and keeps the miscreants and hooligans away. In fact, he is an enemy of all such persons as indulge in riots or thefts. He is the protector of the poor and the weak.

As he gets a small salary, his standard of living is low. He has to support his family with that little income. Though he works hard, yet his pay is minor. He must be paid well and respected because he is the real guardian of law and order.

Title: Pleasures Of Reading

“Reading maketh a full man.” Reading poetry makes a man imaginative whereas argumentative prose develop logical thinking. Shakespeare’s dramas take us into the world of romance where realism exists by side. Ketats poems open magic casements for us. We learn the ways of the world from the books. These are companions who will never betray if we are faithful to them.

“Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. When a person has no company, books give delight. It serves as an ornament when a person talk to another one. Conversation punctuated by the great writer’s opinions becomes impressive. Moreover, through reading books one acquires the capacity to conduct the affair properly.

Cunning people misuse their studies, simple men admire them but wise people use them. A criminal minded persons will commit crimes more cleverly by reading detective novels. On the other hand wise people get good guidance from them in their work. They get success which gives happiness. Studies give confidence and confidence overcomes hurdles.

Histories make men wise; poets witty; mathematicians subtle: and philosophy deep. So if a man cannot concentrate let him study mathematics; if he cannot be discriminatory let him study philosophy; if one cannot argue one should study the lawyer’s cases. So every defect of the mind can be remedied by reading different subjects.

When the harsh realities of life depress us we can read Arabian Nights. For some time we forget that in this world people sit and hear each other’s groan. We start feeling that life is a long holiday. Moreover, we cultivate moral outlook by reading novels and dramas. Similarly we may learn more about Joan of Arc from Shaw’s drama Saint Joan Pems stirs our emotions and give us a thrill. Though books splendour is changed into fragrance.

In short, books are man’s real companions. They never desert man even in trouble. Reading is a very good habit. The people who develop the habit of reading, never fail is any field or examination. All the students must develop the habit of reading because it is the only way to become of perfect man.